There are three stream models of policy-making proposed by Kingdon (1984), which first is political stream, second is problem stream and last is policy stream. These three models in any degree determine the participation of policy community members and the relative power amongst them.
First of all, politician, even though Nevile (2002, p.7) stated in her analytical framework is not a policy community member, has a huge interest to rise up their acceptability from their constituent using the decision-making power they have. Not surprisingly, in democratic country the ruling party will struggle to fulfil its promises to constituent. In the case of the USA recently, Obama’s party (The Democratic Party) trying to push the bill on health insurance for thirty two million citizens, even hardly blocked by many insurance companies represented by the opposition party (The Republican Party). Thus, in the light of this perspective, the policy outcome is very powerfully droved by political interest.
On the other hand, to solve many problems, policy community members such as professional organisations, business associations, universities, voluntary bodies, bureaucrats, specialists/experts (Colebatch 2002, p. 28) that are interlinked through policy network have a central role and finally deciding factor in policy-making process. Commonly, these type of problems and solve opportunity coming from crises or disaster (Grindle & Thomas 1991, pp. 92-93).
